# Ubuntu Server Application Guides

Step-by-step setup guides for a single Ubuntu 22.04/24.04 lab VM (example IP 192.168.86.139).
Each guide has the same structure: server install and configuration, troubleshooting keyed to
real error messages, a "Where to look" reference table, and client steps from a Mac.

## Suggested teaching order

| #  | Guide                     | Service                        | Depends on          |
|----|---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------|
| 00 | (on the site, no PDF)     | Install Ubuntu Desktop 26.04 LTS in VMware — video walkthrough | — |
| —  | (already done)            | nginx web server               | 00                  |
| 01 | 01-openssh.pdf            | OpenSSH, SFTP, SCP             | —                   |
| 02 | 02-vsftpd-ftp.pdf         | vsftpd FTP server              | —                   |
| 03 | 03-samba-smb.pdf          | Samba SMB file sharing         | —                   |
| 04 | 04-nfs.pdf                | NFS file sharing               | —                   |
| 05 | 05-bind9-dns.pdf          | BIND9 DNS (lab.local zone)     | —                   |
| 06 | 06-dhcp-dnsmasq.pdf       | DHCP on an isolated lab net    | 05 (optional)       |
| 07 | 07-postfix-dovecot-mail.pdf | Postfix SMTP + Dovecot IMAP  | 05 (MX record)      |
| 08 | 08-nextcloud-lemp.pdf     | MariaDB, PHP-FPM, Nextcloud    | nginx               |
| 09 | 09-squid-proxy.pdf        | Squid forward proxy            | —                   |
| 10 | 10-openvpn.pdf            | OpenVPN server + PKI           | —                   |
| 11 | 11-ollama-gemma4.pdf      | Ollama local LLM (Gemma 4 E4B) | 8 GB RAM            |
| 12 | 12-claude-code.pdf        | Claude Code CLI                | paid account        |
| 13 | 13-docker.pdf             | Docker + Compose (re-deploys 03, 08, 11) | all above |

## Port map for the finished VM

| Port        | Service            |
|-------------|--------------------|
| 22/tcp      | OpenSSH            |
| 21/tcp + 40000-50000 | vsftpd     |
| 445/tcp, 139/tcp, 137-138/udp | Samba |
| 2049/tcp    | NFS                |
| 53/tcp+udp  | BIND9              |
| 67/udp      | dnsmasq DHCP (lab interface only) |
| 25, 587, 143, 993/tcp | Postfix / Dovecot |
| 80/tcp      | nginx / Nextcloud  |
| 3128/tcp    | Squid              |
| 1194/udp    | OpenVPN            |
| 11434/tcp   | Ollama             |
| 8080, 8081, 1445, 11435/tcp | Docker demo containers |

## Cross-guide exercises

- **Three file-sharing protocols** (02, 03, 04): same file via FTP, SMB, NFS — compare auth, encryption, permissions.
- **Names for everything** (05): once DNS is up, every service is reachable as *.lab.local.
- **Cleartext vs encrypted** (01 + 02): Wireshark FTP vs SFTP.
- **VPN bypasses the proxy** (09 + 10): proxy log goes quiet when the VPN is up.
- **Hand-built vs container** (08 + 13): two Nextclouds side by side.
- **Local vs hosted AI** (11 + 12): same question to Gemma 4 and Claude Code.